Equinus of the Foot and Ankle

What is equinus? Equinus is a condition with limited dorsiflexion/up wards bending of the ankle joint. People with equinus are unable to bend there ankle joint past about 90 degrees, typically people are supposed to get an additional 10 degrees.  What are the causes of equinus? Equinus is typically caused by a tight achilles tendon that is formed from the …

Sesamoiditis of the foot

What are the sesamoids of the foot? There are two sesamoids in each foot, the Tibial and Fibular sesamoid. The sesamoid are located underneath your big toe joint forming the sesamoid apparatus. The sesamoids function as a pulley for tendons and allow leverage when the big toe pushes off the ground.  What is sesamoiditis? Sesamoiditis is inflammation of the sesamoids …

Bunionette – “Tailor’s Bunion” of the foot

What is a Tailor’s Bunion? A tailor’s bunion is a painful bony prominence on lateral aspect of the 5th met head. The pain from a Tailor’s bunion is caused by the large bony prominence that is rubbing against shoe wear and/or a painful bursa formation. How to diagnose a Tailor’s Bunion? A tailor’s bunion can be seen clinically and X-rays …

Flat Feet (pes planus) or Fallen Arches

What is a flat foot? A flat foot is a decrease in the medial arch of your foot, which can be congenital or acquired. An acquired flat foot is called posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, which occurs over time as the posterior tibial tendon undergoes damage and decreases in function. How to diagnose a flatfoot? A flat foot can be diagnosed …

Plantar Fasciitis

What is the plantar fascia? The plantar fascia is  layer of connective tissue that originates at the heel bone (calcaneus) and extends towards your toes. The plantar fascia is important for maintaining the stability of the foot arch. What is plantar fasciitis? Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the plantar fascia through repetitive micro trauma that causes tears and may lead …

Ganglion Cyst of the Foot

What is a ganglion cyst? A ganglion cyst is a sac filled with clear thick fluid that originates from the tendon sheath or joint capsule. Fun fact they are also known as a “Bible bump” because people used flat books to flatten and explode the cysts. The most commonly used book was the bible.  What are the causes the causes …

Ingrown Toenail

What is an ingrown nail? An ingrown nail is when the nail grows into the skin causing irritation, which can lead to pain, swelling, redness, and infection. The toe can become infected if the nail causes a break in the skin and allows bacteria to enter.   What are the causes of an ingrown toenail ? An ingrown toenail can …

Ankle Arthroscopy

What is ankle arthroscopy? Ankle arthroscopy is a surgical procedure that uses a fiber optic camera and other tools (shaver, radiofrequency abalator) to treat/diagnose pathology in the ankle joint. This procedures consists of 2 small incision on the medial side of the tibialis anterior tendon and lateral to the peroneus tertius tendon. Ankle arthroscopy can be done anteriorly and posteriorly …

Bunions

What are Bunions? Bunions are bumps that develop at the base of the big toe joint. These bumps are bony growths that can become worse over time without treatment or self-care. When bunions fail to improve with self-care measures, surgery might be an option for patients to consider. What are the Signs of a Bunion? Bunions appear as bumps on …